Fertilizer around the house

We've heard the terms ph, acidity, ect. We've heard the scientific names: Nitrogen, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Sulfer, ect. I want to know what has the most of these nutrients from what I have around the house.

I have discovered that:

Banana Peels make great compost

Nitrogen basically is any fertilizer.
Potassium can be found in large amounts in banana peels.
Magnesium Sulfate makes up Epsom Salt.
Ashes contain concentrated sulfer.

.....and that's about as far as I've gotten. I figured if I can compost these into a mixture remotely balanced in ph, I will end up with some awesome compost.